Sandalwood Oil

Sandalwood is the general name for woody perennials of the Santalum genus (Santalaceae), which are utilized for their fragrant heartwood. Sandalwood is the second most expensive aromatic wood in the world, after African Blackwood [1]. The oil extracted from the stems and roots are highly sought after by the fragrance and perfume industry. Santalum album, also known as tropical or Indian sandalwood, is the most valuable of the commercially used species due to the high heartwood oil content (6-10% by dry weight) and desirable odor characteristics [2].

The oil is also used as a flavor component in different food items, including candy, ice cream, baked food, puddings, alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages, and gelatin. The essential oil sandalwood is in high demand by the food industries due to its persistent aroma with fixative property [5]. The flavoring is used at levels below 10 ppm, the highest possible level for use in food products being 90 ppm. The sweet, powerful, and lasting odor has made sandalwood oil useful in the perfume industry, soaps, candles, incense, folk medicine, and religious and cultural purposes for centuries [3, 4]. *

• Sandalwood oil is been widely used in folk medicine to support the immune system with colds, throat, skin health, heart health, energy, urinary tract health, supporting a healthy flammatory response, live and gallbladder health, and other maladies. In traditional medicine, Sandalwood oil is used to support a healthy head pain response and stomach health. In India, Sandalwood oil emulsion or paste is used in many areas of skin health remeedies [6]. *
• Sandalwood oil has various traditional medicinal applications including antiseptic, antispasmodic, astringent, antiphlogistic, carminative, disinfectant, diuretic, hypotensive, and memory enhancing properties [7, 8]. It also balances the circulatory, digestive, respiratory, and nervous systems. They are very effective healthy flammatory response [9]. They have a nice cooling effect and give relief from all types of healthy brain flammatory response, digestive system, nervous system, circulatory system, the excretory system [10]. *
• One of the primary components of the East Indian sandalwood oil is santalol, a molecule that has been investigated for its potential use as a chemopreventive agent in skin health. Ultraviolet light induces tumor promoting events in keratinocyte cells that, if allowed to proceed, will ultimately lead to the development of pre-cancerous conditions such as actinic keratosis and skin tumors, including papillomas and squamous cell carcinoma. Sandalwood oil may provide multiple positive cellular effects [19]. Topical application of a sandalwood oil supports a healthy response to radiotherapy [20]. *
• Sandalwood oil gives a healthy flammatory viral response due to its antiphlogistic properties [11]. Being a relaxant and sedative in nature, this oil works well for supporting healthy motor functions. It relaxes nerves, muscles, and blood vessels and hence supports calm motor functions and movements. Thus it is helpful in supporting healthy body more functions, aches and pains. It also supports the frequency and quantity of urination. This helps in supporting a healthy urinary system. Its fragrance keeps away microbes and small insects, reason why it is extensively used in incense sticks, sprays, fumigants, and evaporators to disinfect the surroundings. Sandalwood oil is taken with milk or with water to support healthy blood pressure [12]. *
• Topical use of sandalwood oil has extraordinary property. It is used for calming and cooling effects on the body and mind due to its emollient activity. It helps relieve fever and burns and supports a healthy sweat response. The essential oil is used to support skin health [13]. When applied to skin, it protects wounds, sores, boils, pimples, etc. due to its antiseptic nature. Sandalwood helps smooth and cool the skin, and can be made into a paste, lotion, or soap for cleansing, calming, and hydrating sensitive or aging skin. It is used extensively in the production of incenses. Its oil can be mixed with bathing water or other lotions or oils to apply on skin and wounds and ensure their protection due to its disinfectant nature [12]. Its antiseptic property also helps to support skin challenges. Its germicidal quality supports the healthy growth of bacteria. The essential oil is used as deodorant due to its strong odor [14]. It also acts as a skin moisturizer. Sandalwood paste tones up the skin. Due to its astringent nature, it is used for especially for oily skin [15]. *
• Therapeutic grade essential oil is generally safe for human consumption in small amounts as per approval is given by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 0.001% of sandalwood essential oil is approved by the FDA to use it in the food industry [8]. Sandalwood essential oil is helpful in packaging the foods like cucumbers, peppers, corned beef, herring, and eggs for longer periods. Sandalwood essential oil vapor is used to cover preservation of several foods and packaging of dry food items from spoilage of microorganisms due to its antimicrobial activity. It helps to inhibit oxidative deterioration in meat products due to its antioxidant activity [16]. *
• Sandalwood essential oil was used in the preparation of different kinds of candies and chocolates. These kinds of chocolates offer mood support and calm the mind due to a high percentage of santalol in the sandalwood essential oil [17]. Sandalwood essential oil is useful in the alcohol beverage industry. Sandalwood essential oil is added to vodkas and liqueurs like brandy as a primary or supplemental flavor. Therapeutic grade sandalwood essential oil is added to mineral water drop-wise to enhance the flavor of the water and to freshen the mind [18]. Sandalwood essential oil in water supports skin toxins, petroleum residues, metals, and other foreign substances without any side effects. Sandalwood essential oil is also added to soda water to increase metabolism and soothe digestive issues. *
• Psoriasis, a chronic inflammatory skin disease marked by hyperproliferation and aberrant differentiation of keratinocytes, affects 2-3% of the world's population. East Indian Sandalwood oil has a healthy flammatory response properties in skin models and hypothesized that oil might provide benefit to skin health due to its healthy flammatory response and healthy proliferative properties [22]. *

Approximately 90% of S. album essential oil is composed of the sesquiterpene alcohols-, and epi-santalol and exo-bergamotol. The + and -bsantalols are the most important contributors to sandalwood oil fragrance. Lanceol and bisabolol are also found in uncertain concentrations.

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